This report provides an overview of how NRA independence has evolved from a legal perspective. It builds on the EU legal framework and incorporates decisions from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and national courts. The report highlights instances where NRA independence has faced pressure despite this legal framework, especially regarding tariff setting and the dismissal of NRA leadership.

Europe’s clean energy shift is accelerating, and distribution networks must become more modern, flexible and resilient to keep pace. To support this, the European Commission’s Action Plan for Grids tasked CEER and ACER with providing guidance on electricity distribution planning. This guidance provides practical recommendations to help national distribution grid operators align with Europe’s decarbonisation goals and turn grid development into a driver of clean energy transition.

Reports objective is to provide an impartial view of the European electricity TSO landscape, benchmarking size, capital structure, investment levels, and ownership structures; Examine key group trends, including investment outlooks, capital allocation priorities and tradeoffs, and funding mechanisms; As well as to analyze how these trends present strategic challenges and opportunities for TSOs into the future.

Following the publication of the REMA decision that rejected zonal pricing in favor of Reformed National Pricing (“RNP”), the authors of this summary provide ten predictions for how the development of RNP could evolve in the coming years.

On June 5th, 2025 France experienced a special event of the power system. Despite being a normal working day, the day-ahead market recorded electricity prices in France equal to zero or slightly negative for a full row of 17 consecutive hours, marking an unprecedented record for the duration of this phenomenon, which signals a production surplus.

This ERRA report examines how energy regulators evaluate grid investment plans and implement incentives to ensure efficient and timely introduction of critical electricity infrastructures. Building on previous ERRA EMER Committee work, and on a deep survey of 13 ERRA regulators, it provides a comprehensive analysis of regulatory approaches across multiple jurisdictions, both EU and non-EU, offering insights into current practices and emerging trends. Five in-depth case studies are examined in chapter 5.

Phasing out coal is a quite challenging task for energy policy in the modern era. It involves the very particular need to balance technical, financial, social, and regulatory difficulties.

AI is rapidly increasing electricity demand, but also holds promise for optimizing renewables. This paper offers a three-part taxonomy covering the theoretical foundation, real-world EU and US approaches, and comparative analysis of regulatory strategies shaping the AI-energy interface.

Grid systems that move away from power plants with synchronous spinning turbines need a strategy for addressing the loss of inertia. Better situational awareness can help, as can incentives to encourage the retention and production of inertia. This OIES paper looks at British and Nordic experiences and responses, and outlines what to watch for - so that the coming century, like the last one, is marked by a central role for reliable electric supply.

This report is part of the IEA’s expanding work analysing the deepening ties between energy and AI. It builds on the Global Conference on Energy and AI the IEA hosted in December 2024 – the largest conference on this topic to date – and the Agency’s contributions to the AI Action Summit chaired by France and India in February.

This ACER Monitoring Report on key developments in EU energy markets highlights major trends in 2024, focusing on the interaction between gas and electricity. It sets out ACER’s recommendations on how Europe can unlock a clean, secure and competitive energy future.

The ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter discussed Türkiye’s new Electricity Market Aggregator Regulation in an interview with Mr. Mr. Ahmet Çağrı Çiçek, Commissioner at EMRA and ERRA Presidium member.