- RES support schemes design and evolution: feed-in tariffs, feed-in premiums, auctions, and their impacts on investors, consumers, and the speed of fossil fuel substitution
- Non-price support mechanisms: land usage rights, connection privileges, tax exemptions, priority dispatch, Guarantees of Origin, streamlined administrative procedures
- RES integration challenges: grid connection procedures, curtailment management, forecasting
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- Power system flexibility enhancement: energy storage technologies, demand response programs, capacity mechanisms, flexibility markets design
- Wholesale markets evolution: day-ahead, intraday, balancing, and ancillary services markets redesign to accommodate variable renewables
- Organized markets functioning: trading platforms, transparency requirements, regulatory coordination for regional market integration
- Wholesale market monitoring and reporting schemes, detection of market abuse and misconduct
- Household regimes/Retail: price regulation, progressive liberalization (freedom of choice for suppliers), retail monitoring
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- Hydrogen evolution: market design, feasibility of establishing markets, supply chain development, regulatory frameworks
- Renewable and low-carbon gases: biomethane, synthetic fuels, regulatory challenges and lessons learned
- Electrification of end-uses: e-mobility infrastructure , renewable heating and cooling solutions, sector coupling opportunities
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- Decentralization phenomena: distributed generation, prosumers, energy communities and other new roles in the evolving energy landscape
- Regulatory experimentation: sandboxing approaches, regulatory innovation to facilitate new technologies and business models
- Energy transition challenges in fossil fuel-dependent and emerging economies: development of adequate regulatory frameworks, just transition considerations
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