EMER COM Survey for DSO Tariff Structure Report

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SECTION A: Regulatory frameworks

A.1 What is the Authority responsibility for DSO tariff in your jurisdiction(Required)

Developing methodology only

Developing methodology, designing tariff structure and proposing tariff levels to Government approval (or other body)

Developing methodology, designing tariff structure and deciding tariff levels jointly with other body or subject to Gov’t approval (please specify the procedure)

Developing methodology jointly with other body, and define tariffs levels autonomously but with a government final approval for their application

Developing methodology and then DSOs must propose tariffs scheme for regulatory approval

Developing methodology, designing tariff structure and deciding tariff levels based on DSO data, without any other external approval (autonomously)

Other (please list all the stakeholders involved in the pricing process)

Please specify the procedure.

Please list all the stakeholders involved in the tariff-making process:

A1.1 Do regulations define the methodology for DSO developing tariff structure?

(This refers to tariff structure/design only, NOT allowed revenue setting)

Yes, detailed methodology specified

Yes, general principles only

No, DSO has discretion

Under development

Other (please specify)

Please specify

A.2 Which principles are formally specified in regulations for DSO tariff design?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply - only those explicitly in regulations)

Please specify

A3. Since 2022, have new principles been added to support energy transition?(Required)

(This refers to tariff structure/design only, NOT allowed revenue setting)

Yes, explicitly added (specify: for instance, specific component in tariff dedicated to cover transition costs precisely identified)

Yes, implicitly considered (specify: for instance, charges of transition included in the whole cost base, without being precisely identified)

No changes

Under consideration

A3.1 Which energy transition principles have been added?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Support for renewable energy integration

Facilitate prosumer participation

Enable demand flexibility/response

Support electrification (EV, heat pumps)

Grid modernization/digitalization

Other (please specify)

Please specify

A.4 How often is tariff design reviewed?(Required)

Fixed period is specified by regulations (please specify how many years)

Trigger-based review (please specify how trigger works)

No specific requirement / Ad-hoc basis (please specify)

Never

Please specify how many years

Please specify how trigger works

Please specify

A.5 Has your tariff design been significantly updated since 2022?(Required)

Yes, major restructuring

Yes, minor adjustments

No, no changes

Update in progress

A.6 What were the main drivers for recent tariff design changes?(Required)

If applicable, even relatively small changes / additions -multiple answers allowed, select all that apply

Renewable energy integration

Prosumer growth

EV charging diffusion (public places)

EV charging at home

Cost recovery issues

New legislative requirements (different than above)

Stakeholder feedback

Grid investment needs

Other (please specify)

Please specify

A.7 What level of transparency exists in your tariff-setting process?(Required)

Full public consultation with stakeholders

Limited consultation with utilities and regulators

Internal regulatory process only

Minimal or no transparency

Describing tariff setting process

Please provide fact-based information on type of stakeholder participating in the consultations, numbers of written contribution collected, days allowed for sending written contributions, seminars and hearings with stakeholders, any particular explanation and support to customer association, etc.

SECTION B: Cost reflectivity and subsidies

B.1 How many total customer categories do you have for DSO tariffs?(Required)

1-2 categories

3-4 categories

5-7 categories

8+ categories

B.2 Which are the main criteria used to distinguish customer categories(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Please specify

B.3 Do you have the following 4 “core” categories (or similar)?

The following 4 customer groups are used in Section C for quantitative data collection on network tariff yearly expenditure. Please identify in your tariff system the closest customer group for each of the following. Note: kW - in brackets, only indicative range of connection capacity is given. YES = in your tariff system there is a corresponding customer group. JOINT = means the proposed customer group is included in another wider customer group of your tariff system.

I. Household LV (resident)(Required)

Yes

Joint

II. Small Business/ non-household LV (indicatively: <100÷150kW)(Required)

Yes

Joint

III. Medium Business MV (indicatively: 50÷100kW - 5÷10MW)(Required)

Yes

Joint

IV. Large Industrial MV (indicatively: >5÷10MW)(Required)

Yes

Joint

Please provide your comments on the above referred customer groups

For instance, if there are relevant differences between the above reference customer groups in respect of the customer groups in your tariff system, then please explain.

B.4 For Household/Residential, do you distinguish between(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Yes, separate categories for residents vs non-residents

Yes, separate categories by yearly consumption level (please specify)

Yes, separate categories by connection capacity (please specify)

Yes, separate categories by connection type (1-phase/3-phase)

Yes, a combination of above criteria (please specify)

No, all households in same category

Other (please specify)

Please specify

B.5 Is voltage level of connection still the substantially dominant categorization factor?(Required)

Yes, primary factor (as in 2022)

Yes, but other factors gaining importance (please specify)

No, other factors now more important (please specify)

Multiple factors equally important

Please specify

Describing voltage levels(Required)

Provided that Low Voltage normally means up to 1 kV, what do "Medium Voltage" and "High Voltage" mean in your tariff system? For instance: MV: 1-35 kV; HV above 36 kV.

B.6 Do you explicitly analyze cross-subsidies between customer categories?(Required)

Yes, regular systematic analysis

Yes, occasional analysis

No, but aware they exist

No, not analyzed

B.7 Are there intentional subsidies in your tariff design?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply but in consistent manner.)

Yes, explicit social/affordability subsidies (paid by funds that are external to tariff)

Yes, implicit cross-subsidies to support certain customer groups (and other customer groups pay)

Yes, explicit cross-subsidies (the “right tariff” is published so it’s clear the level of cross subsidy)

No, tariffs are cost-reflective per each customer category

Unclear/not assessed

B.7.1 Which customer groups are subsidized?(Required)

Residential customers

Rural customers

Low-income households

Small businesses

Public services (schools, hospitals)

Other

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Please describe who pays subsidies and how.

In particular in case of cross-subsidies, which are the impacted classes of customers who pay more for the subsidized customers (that pay less), and more or less the impact in respect of the “right”tariff (ie. without subsidies)

B.8 In your opinion, to what extent does your tariff design consider fairness across consumer categories?(Required)

Strong emphasis on fairness and cost-reflectivity

Balanced between fairness and efficiency

More focused on efficiency and cost recovery

Limited consideration for fairness

I don’t know

B.9 Overall, which mechanism is used to recover distribution costs?(Required)

Uniform tariff across all customer groups

Cost-reflective tariff per customer class

Subsidized tariffs for certain groups

Hybrid approach (partially cost-reflective + subsidies)

B.10 What methodological approach is primarily used for cost-reflective tariff design?(Required)

Long-run marginal cost (LRMC)

Average cost approach

Benchmarking with other regulators (or other DSOs)

Other (please specify)

I don’t know

Please specify

SECTION C (Core Tariff Structure Components)

C.1 How is your country’s electricity distribution tariff currently structured (excluding reactive charges)?

C.1.1 Household LV(resid.)(Required)

Single-part tariff (energy only)

Two-part tariff (fixed + variable)

Multi-part tariff (fixed, capacity, energy, ancillary charges)

Other (please specify)

Please specify

C.1.2 Non-Household LV(Required)

Single-part tariff (energy only)

Two-part tariff (fixed + variable)

Multi-part tariff (fixed, capacity, energy, ancillary charges)

Other (please specify)

Please specify

C.1.3 Medium Business MV(Required)

Single-part tariff (energy only)

Two-part tariff (fixed + variable)

Multi-part tariff (fixed, capacity, energy, ancillary charges)

Other (please specify)

Please specify

C.1.4 Large Industrial HV(Required)

Single-part tariff (energy only)

Two-part tariff (fixed + variable)

Multi-part tariff (fixed, capacity, energy, ancillary charges)

Other (please specify)

Please specify

C.2. Please fill in the table for each of the 4 customer groups (see table at question B3) and provide the following data

Note:

*Please provide the below data in EUR, or if it is a different currency, please convert it in euro and provide the exchange rate that was used

Average consumption in kWh/y(Required)

Household LV (resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Average peak demand in kW (needed in case there are capacity-based tariff components)(Required)

Household LV (resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Yearly expenditure in Euro/year collected for a customer of avg yearly consumption through volumetric part of network tariff (if ToU assuming standard avg time profile)(Required)

Household LV (resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Yearly expenditure in Euro/year collected for a customer of avg peak demand through capacity-based part of network tariff(Required)

Household LV(resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Yearly expenditure in Euro/year collected for a customer of avg cons. through fixed part of network tariff(Required)

Household LV(resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Total of the three above amounts must be equal to Distribution tariff network(Required)

Household LV(resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Yearly expenditure in Euro/year collected for a customer of avg cons. for Transmission tariff network(Required)

Household LV(resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Yearly expenditure in Euro/year collected for a customer of avg cons. for other cost embedded in network tariff (it can depend from country to country: eg. Balancing, ancillary service, system charges).(Required)

Household LV(resid.)

Non-Household LV

Medium Business MV

Large Industrial HV

Please add comments on the above data in case it is needed.

C.3 Which tariff component is most challenging to implement effectively?(Required)

Capacity charges (based on actual peak demand) (please specify how actual peak demand is measured)

Capacity charges ( based on connection capacity)

Energy charges (kWh consumed) Connection or access charges

Ancillary or system service charges

Please explain the reasons of challenges

C.4 What is the main challenge in reforming distribution tariffs in your country?(Required)

Political and social acceptance

Technical and data limitations

Ancillary or system service charges

Regulatory and legal barriers

C.5 How is digitalization (smart meters, data analytics) influencing tariff design?(Required)

Strongly shaping dynamic tariffs (TOU - Time of Use; RTP - Real Time Pricing; etc.)

Limited influence so far

Still under consideration

Not relevant yet

C.6 What percentage of commercial consumers (low voltage) have smart meters?(Required)

No smart meter at all

Less than 10%

10% - 30%

31% - 70%

More than 70%

100% or close to it

C.7 What percentage of household consumers have smart meters?(Required)

No smart meter at all

Less than 10%

10% - 30%

31% - 70%

More than 70%

100% or close to it

C.7a What impact did the implementation of a smart metering system have on operating costs?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Reduced operating costs to a negligible extent

Reduced operating costs by more than 10%

Reduced operating costs by more than 20%

Resulted in an increase in operating costs

Resulted in impacts that are more difficult to quantify in term of cost savings, but clearly appreciable in terms of customer value, like (please select which are relevant in your case)

It had no impact

C.7b If resulted in impacts that are more difficult to quantify in term of cost savings, but clearly appreciable in terms of customer value, like, then please select which are relevant in your case:

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

improved billing accuracy

outage detection

customer engagement

other (please specify)

Please specify

C.8 When were TOU tariffs introduced in your country?(Required)

1 year ago

3 years ago

More than 5 years ago

Not implemented yet but planning to do (please specify: explain whether you plan to implement it and in what timeframe)

Not planned

Please specify: explain whether you plan to implement it and in what timeframe

Please explain the most important ToU structure for network tariffs(Required)

C.9 How is your country’s electricity distribution tariff currently structured as for reactive charges?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Reactive charges are applied to consumers only at a given voltage level or above

Reactive charges are applied to consumers only above a given threshold of capacity (please specify)

Reactive charges are differentiated by time bands (for instance daytime and nights)

Reactive charges are applied both for withdrawn and for injection of reactive energy

Other relevant to be specified (for instance: zonal differentiation) (specify)

Please describe how reactive charges are applied.

C.10 Do generators pay any tariff component in your country (different from connection charges)?(Required)

C.11 How connection charges are structured in your country (e.g. deep/shallow)?(Required)

SECTION D (Energy Transition Adaptations)

D.1 What is the current level of renewable energy penetration in your country’s power mix?(Required)

Less than 10%

10–30%

30–50%

Above 50%

Please consider adding a note on trends over the last 5 years to show growth rate and direction of renewable integration

D.2 What are the main drivers of energy transition policies in your country?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Climate change commitments

Energy security and diversification

Economic competitiveness

Regional/global alignment

D.3 Which renewable technologies are prioritized in your energy transition strategy?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Solar PV

Wind (onshore/offshore)

Hydropower

Biomass

Geothermal

Green hydrogen

Other (please specify)

Please specify

D.4 What are the biggest challenges to integrating renewables into your grid?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Intermittency and variability

Lack of grid flexibility and storage

Policy/regulatory uncertainty

Public acceptance or land use issues

financial/investment constraints”

Other (please specify)

Please specify

D.5 How is your country addressing system flexibility for renewable integration?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Investment in grid-scale storage

Flexible gas generation/back-up plants

Demand-side management and smart grids

Other (please specify)

No major measures yet

Please specify

D.6 To what extent are consumers engaged in the energy transition?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

Strong participation (e.g., rooftop solar, demand response)

Moderate engagement in specific programs

Limited engagement

Minimal or no engagement

D.7 How is digitalization supporting the transition?(Required)

Strongly enabling smart grids and flexibility

Partially implemented (e.g., smart meters only)

Limited role so far

Please describe

D.8 What regulatory model does your country use for self-consumption?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

net metering (i.e. kWh of injection flow in the grid and kWh of withdrawal flaw from the grid are compensated each other at the end of the month or the year)

net billing (i.e ordinary network tariff is applied to kWh of withdrawal flaw from the grid, plus capacity and fixed component; and revenues coming from kWh of injection flow in the grid are deducted)

Self-consumption discount for part of the network tariff, reflecting benefits for the distribution network (please explain)

Other or hybrid system (please specify)

Please explain.

Please specify

D.8a What percentage of your country's total electricity generated by distributed solar energy falls under a net metering scheme?

Less than 10%

10% - 25%

26% - 50%

More than 50%

D.8b What percentage of your country's total electricity generated by distributed solar energy falls under a net billing scheme?

Less than 10%

10% - 25%

26% - 50%

More than 50%

D.9 What price or tariff is used to purchase electricity from self-consumers?(Required)

Feed-in tariff (please specify: established by the Regulator, by the Gov., other)

Wholesale electricity price (please specify: day ahead market, other)

Index of electricity price for PVs (please specify who calculates this index)

Avoided grid costs for electricity (please specify: DSO calculates this price, other)

Retail electricity price (please specify: regulated price, every supplier has its own, other)

Other (please specify)

No value available / I don’t know

Please specify

D.10 Is there and what is the installed capacity limit for self-consumers?(Required)

Up to more than 4% of the distribution network's peak load.

Up to more than 8%

Up to more than 14%

More than 14%

There is no limit

D.11 Is there any kind of collective self-consumption scheme (for instance Energy Communities)?(Required)

Yes but without any network tariff discount

Yes, with network tariff discount (please describe)

No, but planning to introduce

Please explain.

D.12 Is separate meter requested mandatorily for the EV private charging?(Required)

No, it is not required.

Yes, the separate meters are necessary by legal rules.

Yes, but it depends on the charger's capacity (please specify).

Yes, but it depends on the network operator (please specify).

Please specify

D.12a Does your country have a special network tariff for private electric vehicle (EV) charging?(Required)

Yes, a special, reduced network tariff exists.

Yes, a time-of-use (ToU) separate network tariff is used.

No, the standard network tariff applies to EV charging (equal to network tariff applied to the rest of the house).

The network tariff is determined by a private operator and can be different from the network tariff applied to the rest of the house.

D.13 Does any tariff incentive exist to encourage off-peak EV charging or integration with solar PV systems(Required)

Yes (please describe)

Please describe(Required)

D.14 What is the total installed capacity of energy storage systems (small scale: LV and MV connected) in your country?(Required)

Less than 100 MW

100 MW - 500 MW

501 MW - 1 GW

More than 1 GW

I do not know

D. 15 What is the total installed capacity of energy storage systems (large scale: over 10 MW, typically HV connected) in your country?(Required)

Less than 100 MW

100 MW - 500 MW

501 MW - 1 GW

More than 1 GW

I do not know

D.16 Who owns large-scale energy storage projects (over 10 MW) in your country?(Required)

(Multiple answers allowed - select all that apply)

TSO

DSO

Private Sector

State

Other (specify)

I do not know

Please specify

D.17 Is there a regulation to avoid “double charging” of network tariff for energy that is first charged in the storage (withdrawn from the network) and then discharged (injected into the grid)?(Required)

Yes (specify from when)

Not yet but planned (specify when expected to enter into force)

Never heard about this problem

Please specify