This report provides an overview of how NRA independence has evolved from a legal perspective. It builds on the EU legal framework and incorporates decisions from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and national courts. The report highlights instances where NRA independence has faced pressure despite this legal framework, especially regarding tariff setting and the dismissal of NRA leadership.

Europe’s clean energy shift is accelerating, and distribution networks must become more modern, flexible and resilient to keep pace. To support this, the European Commission’s Action Plan for Grids tasked CEER and ACER with providing guidance on electricity distribution planning. This guidance provides practical recommendations to help national distribution grid operators align with Europe’s decarbonisation goals and turn grid development into a driver of clean energy transition.

Reports objective is to provide an impartial view of the European electricity TSO landscape, benchmarking size, capital structure, investment levels, and ownership structures; Examine key group trends, including investment outlooks, capital allocation priorities and tradeoffs, and funding mechanisms; As well as to analyze how these trends present strategic challenges and opportunities for TSOs into the future.

Following the publication of the REMA decision that rejected zonal pricing in favor of Reformed National Pricing (“RNP”), the authors of this summary provide ten predictions for how the development of RNP could evolve in the coming years.