Customers Archives

2026-09-14

Mapping ERRA Members Landscape: Celebrating Diversity in Energy Regulation

The 25th Anniversary report by Luca Lo Schiavo and Mikheil Odisharia, ERRA Research Unit, maps 37 national energy regulators across 13 regulatory areas — from institutional independence to renewables and electro-mobility. Illustrated by 28 country case studies, the report treats regulatory diversity as ERRA's distinctive strength.

2026-05-28

CP COM Report on Regulation of Electricity Supply Contracts

This report explores how electricity supply contracts are regulated across ERRA Member jurisdictions, highlighting shared approaches and national differences in practice.

2026-01-16

ARERA’S Investigation on Economic withholding in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2023-2024)

Prepared as part of the ERRA–REKK cooperation, this paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines ARERA's investigation into economic generation capacity withholding in Italy's day-ahead electricity market, its methodology and findings, and compares them with the German "Dunkelflaute" investigation, highlighting key regulatory challenges in assessing capacity withholding during the energy transition.

2025-12-18

ERRA Paper: From Net Metering to Net Billing: Ensuring Fair Tariffs in the Age of Prosumers

This paper by Mikheil Odisharia examines the regulatory shift from net metering to net billing, drawing on comparative experiences from Italy, Kosovo*, and Georgia. It places Georgia’s 2023 reform within this broader European context, emphasising both its alignment with EU principles and the remaining steps needed to fully integrate prosumers into the market.

2025-09-01

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: The Evolution of the Energy Market Enforcement by ERO Czech Republic

Due to energy crisis of 2021 to 2022, the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) of the Czech Republic experienced a dramatic shift in its role as it operated almost as a “crisis hotline”. This environment created the necessity to introduce the new measures and legislative tools that make ERO more efficient and effective in its oversight activities.

2025-06-25

CP COM Report on Legal Actions and Processes of NRAs

The report provides valuable insights into the legal frameworks, administrative procedures, and decision-making processes of ERRA Members, offering a comparative perspective on regulatory practices across different national legal frameworks.

2025-01-22

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: RAAEY’s Digital Tools to Educate and Empower Consumers

Digitalization is transforming energy markets. Greece’s RAAEY leverages online tools to enhance transparency, streamline processes, and boost efficiency for market participants.

2024-12-16

ACER Country Sheets: Market Monitoring 2023

The ACER Country Sheets present key metrics on retail electricity markets across EU Member States for the year 2023. They give insights into the level of consumer participation at the retail level.

2024-09-04

CEER Report: Beyond the Crisis – Consumer Protection and Market Measures for Better Functioning Markets

The Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) released its new report Beyond the Crisis: Consumer Protection and Market Measures for Better Functioning Markets. The report examines the measures implemented across Europe to address the challenges posed by the recent energy crisis and reflects on the lessons learned to create more consumer-centric energy markets.