This ERRA report examines how energy regulators evaluate grid investment plans and implement incentives to ensure efficient and timely introduction of critical electricity infrastructures. Building on previous ERRA EMER Committee work, and on a deep survey of 13 ERRA regulators, it provides a comprehensive analysis of regulatory approaches across multiple jurisdictions, both EU and non-EU, offering insights into current practices and emerging trends. Five in-depth case studies are examined in chapter 5.