Research Paper

2026-02-19

AI Data Centers and Energy Regulation: When Traditional Frameworks Meet Unprecedented Demand Growth

This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines how the rapid growth of AI data centers is challenging traditional energy regulation in the United States and the European Union. It explores emerging tensions around grid stability, affordability, sustainability, and market access, and considers the need for new regulatory approaches to manage AI-driven electricity demand.
2026-01-16

ARERA’S Investigation on Economic withholding in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2023-2024)

This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo analyzes the fact-finding investigation of the Italian regulatory Authority (ARERA) into economic generation capacity withholding in Italy's day-ahead electricity market, examining its methodology, findings, and the resulting controversy with the generation operator.
2025-12-18

ERRA Paper: From Net Metering to Net Billing: Ensuring Fair Tariffs in the Age of Prosumers

This paper by Mikheil Odisharia examines the regulatory shift from net metering to net billing, drawing on comparative experiences from Italy, Kosovo*, and Georgia. It places Georgia’s 2023 reform within this broader European context, emphasising both its alignment with EU principles and the remaining steps needed to fully integrate prosumers into the market.
2025-08-28

ERRA Paper: Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for AI Data Centers in EU and US

AI is rapidly increasing electricity demand, but also holds promise for optimizing renewables. This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo offers a three-part taxonomy covering the theoretical foundation, real-world EU and US approaches, and comparative analysis of regulatory strategies shaping the AI-energy interface.
2024-10-14

ERRA-RAP Study: Navigating Power Grid Scarcity in the Age of Renewable Energy – Policy and Regulatory Context and Tools

Grid scarcity in countries characterized by a high phase of renewable energy integration is one of the key barriers for their successful energy transition. As the issue becomes more apparent also among ERRA member countries, the Association issues the Study on how grid scarcity is perceived among ERRA regulators and how the issue can be tackled with the right tools.