Research Paper Archives

2026-10-22

ERRA-ESMAP report cover: Energy Storage Regulatory Frameworks – Country Case Studies

ERRA-ESMAP Technical Report: Energy Storage Regulatory Frameworks Country Case Studies

This study reviews international experience with pricing and compensation mechanisms for battery energy storage systems (BESS) in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Türkiye, Ukraine, and Great Britain. The report was jointly prepared by ERRA and Optima Energy Consulting under contract with ESMAP.

2026-09-14

Mapping ERRA Members Landscape: Celebrating Diversity in Energy Regulation

The 25th Anniversary report by Luca Lo Schiavo and Mikheil Odisharia, ERRA Research Unit, maps 37 national energy regulators across 13 regulatory areas — from institutional independence to renewables and electro-mobility. Illustrated by 28 country case studies, the report treats regulatory diversity as ERRA's distinctive strength.

2026-06-17

ICER Distinguished Scholar Award Winner in the Next Practices Category: The Impact of AI Growth on the Power System and the Role of Energy Regulators

This paper by Mr. Luca Lo Schiavo, ERRA Regulatory Specialist, is the winner of the ICER Distinguished Scholar Award ("Next Practices" category), in connection with the XI World Forum of Energy Regulation (WFER), Tbilisi, 2026.

2026-02-20

ERRA research paper cover: Scarcity Pricing Mechanisms in Select EU Countries

Research Paper: Implementation of Scarcity Pricing Mechanisms in Select EU Countries

This paper by Eryk Jakub Chojnacki compares scarcity pricing designs across selected EU countries and their role in supporting system adequacy in power markets with growing renewables, including interactions with capacity mechanisms.

2026-02-19

AI Data Centers and Energy Regulation: When Traditional Frameworks Meet Unprecedented Demand Growth

This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines how the rapid growth of AI data centers is challenging traditional energy regulation in the United States and the European Union. It explores emerging tensions around grid stability, affordability, sustainability, and market access, and considers the need for new regulatory approaches to manage AI-driven electricity demand.

2026-02-08

Regulatory Lessons from the Iberian Blackout

Drawing on the findings presented by Luca Lo Schiavo at the ERRA Chairmen Meeting, the article explores how outdated regulatory frameworks, delayed rule updates, and inadequate voltage control mechanisms contributed to the Iberian Blackout in April 2025 despite sufficient generation capacity.

2026-01-16

Cover of the ERRA–REKK paper on ARERA’s economic withholding investigation in Italy

ARERA’s Investigation on Economic withholding in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2023-2024)

Prepared as part of the ERRA–REKK cooperation, this paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines ARERA's investigation into economic generation capacity withholding in Italy's day-ahead electricity market, its methodology and findings, and compares them with the German "Dunkelflaute" investigation, highlighting key regulatory challenges in assessing capacity withholding during the energy transition.

2025-12-18

ERRA paper cover: From Net Metering to Net Billing

ERRA Paper: From Net Metering to Net Billing: Ensuring Fair Tariffs in the Age of Prosumers

This paper by Mikheil Odisharia examines the regulatory shift from net metering to net billing, drawing on comparative experiences from Italy, Kosovo*, and Georgia. It places Georgia’s 2023 reform within this broader European context, emphasising both its alignment with EU principles and the remaining steps needed to fully integrate prosumers into the market.

2025-08-28

ERRA Paper: Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for AI Data Centers in EU and US

AI is rapidly increasing electricity demand, but also holds promise for optimizing renewables. This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo offers a three-part taxonomy covering the theoretical foundation, real-world EU and US approaches, and comparative analysis of regulatory strategies shaping the AI-energy interface.