Publications

2025-12-02

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: The Evolution of the Battery Energy Storage Systems in Ukraine

Ukraine’s energy sector has rapidly transformed as the war revealed structural weaknesses and prompted urgent regulatory reforms. The regulator, together with the Ministry, introduced a modern regulatory framework for energy storage, recognising flexibility as a vital component of system security rather than a long-term goal. The Energy Storage Facilities Law and subsequent NEURC regulations formalised storage as an independent market participant with full access to wholesale markets, offering investors much-needed legal certainty during a time of significant system stress.
2025-11-04

Blackout in Spain – First Regulatory Considerations | Presentations & Recording

On April 28th, 2025, the whole Iberic Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) experienced its most severe blackout in history. Based on currently available research, it wasn't an excess of renewables that caused the collapse—it was the delay to integrate it properly through a modern regulation.
2025-10-30

Summary of ERRA Workshop on Renewable Collective Self-Consumption and Energy Communities 2025

The Energy Regulators Regional Association Workshop on Renewable Collective Self-Consumption and Energy Communities, held on 14 October 2025 and hosted by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority of Türkiye, offered a comprehensive platform to explore how collective energy initiatives can transform power systems towards greater decentralisation, flexibility, and citizen engagement.
2025-09-16

CRE France Report: Integration of Small Modular Reactors (SMR/AMR) into Energy Systems (available only in French language)

The Report is prepared by the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) on the integration of small modular reactors (SMR/AMR) into energy systems. It highlights that advanced small modular reactors (AMRs) show promise in terms of innovation and diversity of use, particularly those that produce heat at temperatures above 300°C.
2025-09-01

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: The Evolution of the Energy Market Enforcement by ERO Czech Republic

Due to energy crisis of 2021 to 2022, the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) of the Czech Republic experienced a dramatic shift in its role as it operated almost as a “crisis hotline”. This environment created the necessity to introduce the new measures and legislative tools that make ERO more efficient and effective in its oversight activities.
2025-08-28

ERRA Paper: Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for AI Data Centers in EU and US

AI is rapidly increasing electricity demand, but also holds promise for optimizing renewables. This paper offers a three-part taxonomy covering the theoretical foundation, real-world EU and US approaches, and comparative analysis of regulatory strategies shaping the AI-energy interface.
2025-08-26

ECF Regulatory Report: Empowering Local Grids: How Energy Communities Can Enable Variable Renewable Integration

The aim of the research was to identify and measure the beneficial effects of community energy initiatives on the electricity grid, particularly regarding the integration of solar power plants. Additionally, we aimed to identify a set of regulatory incentive tools that can effectively support community energy projects in expanding their efforts in ways that benefit the overall energy system.
2025-08-14

CEER Report: Independence in Action – Sharing Lessons Across Borders

This report provides an overview of how NRA independence has evolved from a legal perspective. It builds on the EU legal framework and incorporates decisions from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and national courts. The report highlights instances where NRA independence has faced pressure despite this legal framework, especially regarding tariff setting and the dismissal of NRA leadership.