Publications Archives

2026-02-19

AI Data Centers and Energy Regulation: When Traditional Frameworks Meet Unprecedented Demand Growth

This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines how the rapid growth of AI data centers is challenging traditional energy regulation in the United States and the European Union. It explores emerging tensions around grid stability, affordability, sustainability, and market access, and considers the need for new regulatory approaches to manage AI-driven electricity demand.

2026-02-08

Regulatory Lessons from the Iberian Blackout

Drawing on the findings presented by Luca Lo Schiavo at the ERRA Chairmen Meeting, the article explores how outdated regulatory frameworks, delayed rule updates, and inadequate voltage control mechanisms contributed to the Iberian Blackout in April 2025 despite sufficient generation capacity.

2026-01-16

ARERA’S Investigation on Economic withholding in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2023-2024)

Prepared as part of the ERRA–REKK cooperation, this paper by Luca Lo Schiavo examines ARERA's investigation into economic generation capacity withholding in Italy's day-ahead electricity market, its methodology and findings, and compares them with the German "Dunkelflaute" investigation, highlighting key regulatory challenges in assessing capacity withholding during the energy transition.

2025-12-23

ERRA 25th Anniversary Podcast | Independence of the Regulator

This segment from ERRA's 25th Anniversary is a reflective, high-level discussion on how energy regulation has fundamentally changed over the past 25 years, why it has become more complex, and what this means for regulators going forward. It contrasts the early era of liberalization with today’s realities of decarbonization, electrification, geopolitics, digitalization, and renewed state involvement.

2025-12-23

ERRA 25th Anniversary Podcast | Transformation in Regulating Energy Over the Last 25 Years

This segment of ERRA's 25th Anniversary Podcast features Luca Lo Schiavo, ERRA's Senior Regulatory Specialist discussing Transformation in Regulating Energy Over the Last 25 Years with Jorge Vasconcelos, Chairman of the New Energy Solutions (NEWES), Portugal.

2025-12-18

ERRA Paper: From Net Metering to Net Billing: Ensuring Fair Tariffs in the Age of Prosumers

This paper by Mikheil Odisharia examines the regulatory shift from net metering to net billing, drawing on comparative experiences from Italy, Kosovo*, and Georgia. It places Georgia’s 2023 reform within this broader European context, emphasising both its alignment with EU principles and the remaining steps needed to fully integrate prosumers into the market.

2025-12-12

Nuclear: Small/ Advanced Modular Reactors | Podcast

This inaugural episode of ERRA’s Energy Regulatory Podcast features host Luca Lo Schiavo engaging with Ivan Faucheux, Commissioner at the French Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), for a detailed discussion on CRE’s recent analysis of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs).

2025-12-04

Eurelectric Position Paper: Distributed Flexibility Report

This Eurelectric's report focuses specifically on Flexibility for Distribution Grid Needs, as per the newest proposal of ENTSO-E and EU DSO Entity on the methodology for assessing flexibility needs that ACER approved in August 2025.

2025-12-02

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: The Evolution of the Battery Energy Storage Systems in Ukraine

Ukraine’s energy sector has rapidly transformed as the war revealed structural weaknesses and prompted urgent regulatory reforms. The regulator, together with the Ministry, introduced a modern regulatory framework for energy storage, recognising flexibility as a vital component of system security rather than a long-term goal. The Energy Storage Facilities Law and subsequent NEURC regulations formalised storage as an independent market participant with full access to wholesale markets, offering investors much-needed legal certainty during a time of significant system stress.