Customers Archives

2026-01-16

ARERA’S Investigation on Economic withholding in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2023-2024)

This paper by Luca Lo Schiavo analyzes the fact-finding investigation of the Italian regulatory Authority (ARERA) into economic generation capacity withholding in Italy's day-ahead electricity market, examining its methodology, findings, and the resulting controversy with the generation operator.

2025-12-18

ERRA Paper: From Net Metering to Net Billing: Ensuring Fair Tariffs in the Age of Prosumers

This paper examines the regulatory shift from net metering to net billing, drawing on comparative experiences from Italy, Kosovo*, and Georgia. It places Georgia’s 2023 reform within this broader European context, emphasising both its alignment with EU principles and the remaining steps needed to fully integrate prosumers into the market.

2025-09-01

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: The Evolution of the Energy Market Enforcement by ERO Czech Republic

Due to energy crisis of 2021 to 2022, the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) of the Czech Republic experienced a dramatic shift in its role as it operated almost as a “crisis hotline”. This environment created the necessity to introduce the new measures and legislative tools that make ERO more efficient and effective in its oversight activities.

2025-06-25

CP COM Report on Legal Actions and Processes of NRAs

The report provides valuable insights into the legal frameworks, administrative procedures, and decision-making processes of ERRA Members, offering a comparative perspective on regulatory practices across different national legal frameworks.

2025-01-22

ERRA Regulatory Story of the Quarter: RAAEY’s Digital Tools to Educate and Empower Consumers

Digitalization is transforming energy markets. Greece’s RAAEY leverages online tools to enhance transparency, streamline processes, and boost efficiency for market participants.

2024-12-16

ACER Country Sheets: Market Monitoring 2023

The ACER Country Sheets present key metrics on retail electricity markets across EU Member States for the year 2023. They give insights into the level of consumer participation at the retail level.

2024-09-04

CEER Report: Beyond the Crisis – Consumer Protection and Market Measures for Better Functioning Markets

The Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) released its new report Beyond the Crisis: Consumer Protection and Market Measures for Better Functioning Markets. The report examines the measures implemented across Europe to address the challenges posed by the recent energy crisis and reflects on the lessons learned to create more consumer-centric energy markets.

2024-06-18

IREC Paper: Model Interconnection Procedures 2023 Edition

Interconnection is one of the biggest obstacles to the expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs). As demand for clean energy accelerates, utilities face a glut of requests to connect DER projects to an already saturated electric grid. Without up-to-date rules tailored to current clean energy technologies and the latest best practices for integrating them on the grid, it can take months or years to bring new projects online.

2024-04-08

CEER Paper on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2023

The paper provides information on the existing flexibility related data exchange that DSO's are involved with and identifies possible future involvement which also may require NRAs’ attention, while outlining some of the recent and ongoing developments at EU level.